Apparatus for carbonizing material.



Patented Sept. l0, I901.

B. ZWILLINGER. I APPARATUS FOR CABBONIZING MATERIAL.

(Application filed Nov. 23, 1999.)

3 Sheets-Sheat l.

( No Model.)

.m RM A V .mhtllf II] l.. Q\ A y. l! r. a. H 72 No. 682,3i3.

(No Model.)

B. ZWILLINGEH.

Patented Sept. I0, l-90l.

APPARATUS FOR CARBONIZING MATERIAL.

(Applicafion filed Nov. 23, 1999.v

a 'sheets-sheet 2.

- lJNrTno STATES arnr rrrcn.

BERNIIARD ZWILLINGER, OF ASHLAND, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO FRED- ERICKGUILLERMO VOSS, TRUSTEE, OF NEIV YORK, N. Y.

-APPARATUS FOR CARBONIZING MATERIAL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 682,318, datedSeptember 10, 1901. Application filed November 23 1899. Serial No.738,016. (No model.)

T ctZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, BERNHARD ZWILLINGER, a citizen of the United Statesof America,'and a resident of Ashland, Ashland county, Wisconsin, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus forOarbonizing Material, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to devices for making charcoal, but adapted forcarbonizing materials other than wood. The apparatus is intended forquickly and economically carbonizing large quantities of wood and at thesame time saving practically all the valuable prod ucts separated fromthe wood during the operation. Rapidity in itself saves directly fuel,labor, and deterioration of the plant, and indirectly affects equallyimportant gains in that it avoids destructive changes in the val uableby-prod uctsof carbonization. In the practical use of myinvention alarge masonry chamber is filled with wood, the doors are 1 closed, 'andintensely-hot gas, not adapted to support combustion to any materialextent, is discharged into the chamber at a great number of points, thechamber being also heated meantime by what may he termed a lateral wallof hot gas within the lateral wall of the chamber and practicallyencircling the interior carbonizing-space. To secure such arrangementand results gas is compressed and forced into a reservoir, whence itpasses through heating apparatus into perforated pipes in the floor ofthe carbonizing-chamber and is discharged into all parts of the latterat the same time. Being at a very high temperature it sets free the morevolatile constituents of the wood and with them passes around thechamber, and hence the draft of the chimney advances this constantlyrenewed hot envelop, which in moving around the chamber gives up toevery part below its own temperature a portion of its heat. In apparatusconstructed as set forth and now in practical use thirty cords of woodmay be very economically carbonized in a few hours or in nearly the timewhich would be required for carbonizing a comparatively small quantity.

In the accompanyingdrawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of theapparatus on the line 1 1, Fig. 4. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation onthe line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional View on the line 33, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a plan sectional view on the line 4. 4., Fig. 1.Fig. 5 is a plan sectional view on the line 5 5, Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is anexternal diagrammatic elevation of the entire apparatus. Fig. 7 is aplan sectional view on the line 7 7, Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a sectionalelevation on the line 8 8, Fig. 1.

In the views, K designates a preferably circular kiln orcarbonizingechamber provided with doors K and a chimney-flue F Fig. 4,near the doors and having its lateral walls made hollow to form apassage or flue F eX- tending nearly around the chamber and opening intothe chimneyflue. Upon that side of the doors opposite the chimneyheating apparatus is inclosed within walls F integral with the walls ofthe kiln. In this apparatus heat is generated upon grates F, Figs. 1 to5, at the side most distant from the kiln. The furnace-gases pass fromthis point back and forth through horizontal and vertical flues F F F FF F F into a smallcham ber F opening directly into the kiln-encirclingflue F before mentioned, and thence into the chimney. Alongside theheating apparatus is a reservoir B, into which gas is forced byacompressor 0 and from which leads a valved pipe R, having branches Reach connected with one end of one of two coils P, located in thepartition between the flues F F, Fig. 1. At the other end of each coil Pa pipe P leads to a similar coil P embedded in like manner in thepartition between the flues F F. From the latter coil a pipe P leads toa vertical drum D in the chamber F and from the drum a pipe D leadsalong the bottom of the kiln to a diametrical pipe K having numerousparallel perforated branches Kiarranged to discharge gas in every partof the lower portion of the chamber. In the drum D is placed a pyrometerT, by means of which the temperature of the gas entering the kiln may atall times be known. This being known, the flow of gas may be regulatedby the valve in the pipe R, so that there may be no uncertainty aboutthe progress of the work nor any waste arising from admitting gas atimproper temperature. The gas admitted to the chamber and the gaseousproducts resulting from decomposition of the Wood are taken from thechamber through a pipe K, Fig. 1, which leads to apparatus not concernedin this invention, and therefore not shown.

As has already been suggested, the products of combustion pass from thegrates F, Figs. 1, 5, and 8, rearward through horizontal flues F upwardthrough vertical flues F forward through flues F upward through .flues FFigs 1, 4, and 7, again rearward through fiues F", Figs. 1, 4, and 8,into a crossflue F Figs. 1, 2, and 4, thence through passages F Figs. 1,2, and 4, into the chamber F Figs. 1, 3, 4, and 5, which opens into aflue F Figs. 1, 3, and 4, passing nearly around the kiln to thechimney-flue F Fig. 4, and the carbonizing-gas forced into thereservoirR by the pump 0, Fig. 6, passes through the pipe R, Figs. 6 and7, and pipes R to coils P, Figs. 1 and 8, lying between the fines F F,thence by pipes P, Figs. 1, 7, and 8, to coils P Figs. 1, 2, 7, and 8,lying between the fines F F ,-thence by pipes P Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7,to a drum D in the chamber F Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, thence bya pipeD, Figs. 1, 4, and 5, toacross-pipe K Figs. 1 and 4, communicating withthe perforated pipes K Figs. 1 and 4, in the floor of the kiln, and fromthe kiln out through a pipe K Fig. 1. The kiln being filled withmaterial to be carbonized and the door being closed, as above suggested,heat being disengaged or generated at the grate F, gas containing littleor no oxygen being forced into the reservoir R, and the various valvesbeing properly adjusted, it is obvious that gas will be forced throughthe pipes into the kiln, heated on the Way by the gases in the flues,heated in the kiln by the gas in the kiln-walls, and expelled withproducts of carbonization through the pipe K Fig. 1.

From this construction it appears that the hot furnace-gases can reachthe chimney only by passing nearly around the kiln in the hollow wall,and hence that the carbonizing-gas forced into the kiln can losepractically no heat by transmission in a lateral direction, but, on thecontrary, during parts of the operation at least may receive some heatfrom the hollow Wall. I

What I claim is 1. The combination with a carbonizingchamber having itslateral walls made hollow to form a flue extending nearly around thechamber, of a chimney leading from one end of said flue, and asuperheating-furnace discharging its waste gases into the opposite endof said flue; whereby the chamber is practically surrounded by aconstantly-renewed layer of heated gas, and means for passing gasthrough said superheatingfurnace and into the carbonizing-chamber.

2. The combination with the carbonizingchamber and the small contiguouschamber, of the furnace discharging its waste gases into said smallchamber, a drum within the latter, a pyrometer extending into said .drum, and means for forcing carbonizing gas through said furnace into saiddrum and thence into the carbonizing-chamber.

3. The combination with a carbonizingchamber and a superheating-furnacealongside the same, of a gas-reservoir, an air-compressor forcompressing gas and forcing it into said reservoir, heating-coils withinthe snperheating-furnace, a valved pipe leading from the reservoir tothe coils, and perforated pipes connected to said coils and extending toall parts of the floor of the carbonizingchamber.

4. The combination with a carbonizingchamber having its lateral wallsmade hollow to form a flue extending nearly around the chamber andopening at one end into a chimney, of a small chamber opening into theother end of said flue, a furnace discharging its waste gases into thesmall chamber, a drum in the latter, a pyrometer extending into thedrum, a compressor, a reservoir receiving gas from the compressor, avalved pipe leading from the reservoir, heating-coils within thefurnace, receiving gas from the pipe and delivering it in the drum, andperforated pipes receiving gas from the drum and delivering it in allparts of the lower portion of the carbonizing-chamber, substantially asset forth.

BERNHARD ZlVILLINGER.

